精講精練——定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

確定關(guān)系詞的步驟，關(guān)系詞之間的區(qū)別和使用及實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

【高考考向】

定語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，同時(shí)又是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。而對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞的考查又是重中之重。　正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞(that或which)與關(guān)系副詞when(表時(shí)間)、where(表地點(diǎn))、why(表原因)。重點(diǎn)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中所缺成分（即關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，使用關(guān)系副詞when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定語(yǔ)從句中作作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，使用that或which。）來(lái)確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。

【高考真題】

1.【2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..

A. as B. whereC. thatD. which

2.【2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.

A. which B.that C.when D.where

3.【2015·重慶】14. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.

A. whom        B. which         C. them       D. that

4.【2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

A. as     B. whose           C. in which         D. at which

5.【2015·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.

A. where B. whichC. whenD. who

6.【2015·四川】3.The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

A．which    B. what    C. whose         D. that

7.【2015·陜西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.

A. which    B. where    C. whom   D. when

8.【2015·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which

9.【2015·江蘇】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

A. it                    B. which           C. what                D. as

10.【2015·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.

A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which

答案：DDBCA  CDDDD

關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，which，that，whose，as

關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why\

一.確定關(guān)系詞的步驟：

(1)先找先行詞，再看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/span>

(2)再看先行詞指的是什么。

注意：先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。

(1)先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.

(2)關(guān)系詞在從句子中充當(dāng)了成分,其意思就是先行詞的意義,所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。

There are many places we can visit (them) in China.

二．關(guān)系詞之間的區(qū)別

1.在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which：

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

(2)先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修飾時(shí)。

(3)先行詞為all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代詞時(shí)。

(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。

He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.

(5)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

(6)當(dāng)主句是以which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。

Which are the books that you bought for me?

2．宜用which而不用that的情況：

(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)。

(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。

(4)關(guān)系詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。

3．關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。

(1)當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

(2)先行詞是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

(4)whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被who取代。

4．whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?

There is a room，whose window faces the river.

5．關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。

(1)用于固定搭配中

The same…as…,    as…as…,   such…as…

The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.

I want to use the same tool that you used just now

注意：They are such lovely children that we love. 對(duì)比They are such lovely children that we love them。

(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，表示“正如…一樣”。

注意：與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定從的區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。 which無(wú)此意。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在句中，句末。which只能位于句末。

He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.

As is known，the earth is round.

6．關(guān)系副詞when與where，why，（that）

when 指時(shí)間＝in/at/on/during which

where指地點(diǎn)＝in/at/from which

why指原因＝for which

【學(xué)生學(xué)情分析】

學(xué)生在近期的學(xué)習(xí)中暴露的主要問(wèn)題是不能精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別定語(yǔ)從句，難以區(qū)別關(guān)系詞。對(duì)特殊的關(guān)系代詞的使用未掌握好。

【建議變式練習(xí)】

擇合適的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

1.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.

2.A company________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

3.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.

4.I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

5.Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.

6.The exact year________Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

7.We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.

8.Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.

9.Students should involve themselves in community activities________they can gain experience for growth.

10.I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

11.The man ______lives next to us is a policeman.

12.This is the factory  ______ I work.

13.I want to know the reason ______you are late.

14.This is the reason  ______everybody knows.

15.Do you still remember the day  ______he arrived?

16.Do you still remember the day  ______we spent together.

答案：1-10 which, whose, that, when, which, that, that, that, where, when.11-16 who, where, why, that, when, that

撰文：李清秀

圖片：無(wú)

審核：丁勁松

上傳：楊佳順