動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)：通常表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的另一動(dòng)作，用來(lái)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作加以修飾或作為陪襯。它可表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。

二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的各種變化形式及含義

三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的基本用法

1. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

通常放在句首，有時(shí)在句中或句末，相當(dāng)于when或while等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

Walking along the street, he met his old friend.

=When he was walking along the street, he met his old friend.

2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作原因狀語(yǔ)

通常放在句首，相當(dāng)于as, because, since, now that 等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

Being ill, he didn’t go to school.

= Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

3. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作條件狀語(yǔ)

可以放在句首，也可在句末，相當(dāng)于if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

Working hard, you will succeed.

=If you work hard, you will succeed.

4. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作讓步狀語(yǔ)

多放在句首，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help.

=Though being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help.

5. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

通常位于句末且中間有逗號(hào)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。

The boy fell off his bike, breaking his right arm.

=The boy fell off his bike, and broke his right arm.

6. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作方式狀語(yǔ)或伴隨狀語(yǔ)

用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或狀況。

Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party.

四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的注意事項(xiàng)

1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，且為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

2.為強(qiáng)調(diào)-ing形式所表達(dá)的意義，在-ing形式短語(yǔ)前可用連詞、介詞或副詞。

◆“when/while+-ing形式”強(qiáng)調(diào)-ing形式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

◆“before + -ing形式”強(qiáng)調(diào)-ing形式在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。

◆“after+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式”強(qiáng)調(diào)-ing形式在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。

◆“on/upon + -ing形式”表示“一（剛）……就……”。

◆“thus + -ing形式”表示結(jié)果。

◆“though /although+ -ing形式”表示讓步。

◆獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：generally speaking一般地說(shuō)；strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)；frankly speaking 坦率地說(shuō)；exactly speaking 確切地說(shuō)；judging from/ by 由……判斷出

【高考考向】

主要考查：體現(xiàn)在高考語(yǔ)填和改錯(cuò)中；寫(xiě)作中用動(dòng)詞-ing形式以提高作文分?jǐn)?shù)。

考查形式：語(yǔ)法填空，短文改錯(cuò)

【高考真題】

一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式相關(guān)語(yǔ)法填空

1. （2021·全國(guó)乙卷）Minimize the impact of _________(visit) the place.    

2. （2021·全國(guó)甲卷）After _________ (spend) some time loo-king at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action.      

3. （2020·全國(guó)卷II）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.  

4. （2020·浙江卷）Later, they learned to work with the sea-sons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _________ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate their fields.

5. （2019·全國(guó)卷III）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

6. （2019·北京卷）Nervously_________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.

二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式相關(guān)改錯(cuò)

1. （全國(guó)卷III）Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

2. （全國(guó)卷II）After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.

撰文：蔣宗容

圖片：無(wú)

審核：丁勁松

上傳：楊佳順